Optical apparatus



Feb. 6, 1940. H. G. MILLER 2,189,568

OPTICAL APPARATUS Filed July 26, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 5 P154 Hvr bcri G. Millvr I INVENTOR BY zmuwwm flm ATTORN EYS Feb. 6, 1940. H. G; MILLER 2,189,563

OPTICAL APPARATUS Filed July 26, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 i H e'r bar t C1. Mil'lax \NVENTOR ATTORNEYS proved apparatus of this type. 16'

Patented Feb. 6, 1940 I 2,189,568 OPTICAL APPARATUS Herbert G. Miller, na jew oa, 'ohio A lication July 26; i

This' invention relates to optical apparatus, and maybe used'in combination withnumerous devices,'such as advertising devices, to draw attention toijthe advertisements carried by such devices, o'r'wit'h amusement devices, and it'will beappare'iit that the invention may have uses other'than those pointed out. The principal ob-. ject of the invention is to provide new and im- "In the'drawings"accompanying this specification and forming'a part of this application, there is shown, f or purposes of illustration, one form which the invention mayassume', and in these drawingsg" Figure 1 is" a front elevational view of an em-- bodimentofwthe invention, a

--Figure 2'fillustrates the arrangement of certain parts offthe embodiment, a I Figure 3' is an enlarged horizontalsection corresponding generally to the line 3-4 of Figure 1,

Figure l is'an enlarged vertical sectioncorrespending to the line I4 of Figure 1, a portion 'ein'g'broken away to better fitthe View to the Sheet, f I *FiguTeB' is a 'fragmentaryvertical sectional view 'correspondingjgenerally to the line 55 of Figure4,

"Figure 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view corresponding generally to the'line 6-'-6 of Figure-4, 'f A Figures 7 and 8 illustrate parts of the embodiment in difiere'nt positions,- the parts bein enlarged and iragmentarily shown, and

' Figure 9 is alight ray diagram.

' Referring to the drawings, the embodiment of the invention comprises a pair oilenses I0 and I Leach of which may be aball formed of glass,

' as shown. Spaced from the lenses ID and II is an object carrying member I 2, here shown to be-rectangular 'in shape, and formed of rather thinmaterial, such assheet-r'netal, cardboard, or

the like. The member I2 is provided with an object, such as the configurations I3 simulating the iris and pupil of an'eye. -It will be apparent that if the lenses I0 and II, and the member I2, are properlybonstructed and arranged, such as in'the. manner suggestedin Figure 2,.light will be reflectedfrom the' member I2 in a direction toward the lenses ID and I I, and light reflections from-the *'configurations I3 will cause images I4 and IS toappear at the lenses in and II respectively; The lenses I9: and I I, and the member I2 ,are movable relatively to each other, and it .willbe-obviousthat relative movement of these I jpart's-will -cause corresponding shifting of the respectively at 'A and B.

937, Serial No. 155,631 'rolaims. (oil 885-1)".

images I4 and I5 with respect to the lenses l0 and ll; For instance, if the member I2 were shifted horizontally, vertically; or otherwise, in its own plane, the images I4 and I5 will shift a proportionate'amount with respect to the lenses Ill and II. I Also, if the member I2 is moved toward' oraway fromthe lenses I0 and II, the imagesht and I5jwill appear larger or smaller with respect to the lenses Ill and I I, depending upon-the movement of the member I2.

, Referring to-Figure 9; theobject, such as the configuration i3, is represented by the arrow AB, and one oftthe lenses ID or I! is represented by the circle OJ Light rays C and F from the vobjectAB strikethe'lens 0, each being refracted on passing intothe lens according to the well-' the center of the lens 0, and will not be deviated at all, either on entering or leaving, sincethese rays meet thesuriace of the lens 0 at right angles. The rays D and E proceed straight on from the-lens O, and intercept rays C and F The two points A and -B"-1'ocatethe image of the objectAB. For ordinary glass withindex of refraction of about 1.50; an object ten inches from a surface of a one-inch glass s phere would form an image threesixteenths"of aninch on the opposite surface of the, sphere. The image would seem to rest onthe surface'of the glass, and would seenr to move slightly if (an observer moved his point I of view. The image A'B would appear inverted,

' and would'move ina direction opposite to any motion thattheobject AB would make. Means are'hereshown for supporting the lenses Iliand II', and also for supportingthe member l2 for movement. These means comprise a supporting plate It closing one end of a casing I1. In the embodiment shown by the drawings, the

outer surface of the supporting. plate I6 provides a-base for material IB'Which is shaped to simulate IanoWl in :bas-relief. Of course it will be apparent that the material l8 may be shaped to simulate any other desired object, orthe front surface' may be provided with any suitable advertisin'g matter, or the like.

As 'shown in FiguresB and l, the material I8 is provided with a pair of apertures I9, into which the lenses I and II are disposed and secured, and the apertures I9 communicate with a well 20, which is in alignment with an elongated aperture 2I formed in the supporting plate I6. The apertures I9 are so positioned that the lenses I0 and II form part of the owls eyes, as will be evident by inspection of Figures 1, 7, and 8.

The member I2 islspaced from, the innerlsurface of the supporting plate I6, and is provided with angular arms 22 extending from opposite margins, each of the arms having a slotted por,-

tion 23, the slots in these portions accommodating pins 24 carried by the supporting-plate I6",- and each of the pins 24 is headedas shown at 25 to prevent disposition of the object member I2. The construction, as shown, provides for horizontal shifting of the member I2 in, its own plane, although it will be obvious that the member I2: may-be supportedi with respect to the supportingplate I8 tohavemovement other than that, herein shown;

Spaced from the-member-I2 is a cam 26-,- having; its marginal I defining; surface engaging rollers 2] carriedby the member I2; Nuts 28 are secured improperly spaced-position to themember, I2; and apscrew- 29:J'ournals theroller 21, and has. its threaded-g end engaging arespeotive nut 28. The cam12fi isg-provided with a-wrecessedboss 38'which-,receivesone; end of aashaft 3|,- and the other'endl of the shaft carries a Worm gear 32,- which meshes with a worm 33. secured to the armature shaftof'an electric motor 34:

The shaft 3i is .CfillifidflfOL rotation by means of, a bearing 35.; thelatter forming part-of a pedestal;iii which is secured to a platform 31" fastened to;the: inner; surface of: the supporting plate E6. The inner surface of the supporting I plate ifixarries, means for illuminatingthe member I2; and as shown, assocket- 38r'iS secured to this inner; surfacaand; provides means for accommodating: an incandescent electric lamp 39, thepsocket and lamp being preferably positioned so that no glaring light will bedirected toward.

the lenses. IUgand I I-.

With the motor 34- operating-, the worm 33 turns the-wheel 32; which in' turn rotates the shaft/M; and the cam 26,-carried by the shaft'3I. Rotationof the cam: 26; causes the rollers 21 to ride over the marginal, surface of-the cam 26, and thereby:move-themember I2, so as to effect: shiftingoithe images; ILand I: with respect to the. lenses-land II.- The cam 26 here shown,

. is shaped: to provide. horizontal, shifting of the member; I2cin itsgown-plane; and; has dwell. portions; constructed and arranged to cause the member; I2; to dwellina certain position.- The cam- 23: also has portions which. may cooperate writhrollers (not shown-crused in this embodiment) for shifting. theqmember I2-verticallyin its own plane; Itwill ;beappreciated that the cam Zfi'may-be rotatedbymeans other than that herein shown; and also that. means other than thecam lfi, may be usedto effect movement of the member I2 and thatthememberIZ may be rotated; or shifted'toward and;awa-y from the supportingplate I6.

Figures .7 and'8 show parts of the'construction in different-positions, andnin' Figure '1, the meme ber I2 has been shiftedfrom a central positiontotheright, and the reflection of the configurations I3 are seen; as the images and I5;in,the, lenses Ill and II, and-:these-imageshaveshifted to theleft. InzFigure-8, themember I2 has been shifted to the left, thereby causing the images I4 and I5 to shift to the right with respect to the lenses I0 and II.

It will be appreciated that the configurations I3 may be duplicated, one set for each of the lenses, and this may be desirable if the lenses are spaced too widely, in order to avoid distortion. Also, the configurations need not simulate the pupil of an eye, but may simulate some other suitableobiectland the reflection of, these configurations may cooperate with the: lenses for purposes other than those herein pointed out. The configurations I3 of course, may be formed on the surface of the object member I2 in any suitablemanner, and the lenses I0 and Il may be colored, or not, as desired.

From the foregoing it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that I have accomplished at least the principal object of my invention, and it also'will be apparent to those skilled in the art" that the embodiment; herein-v described: may be variously changed and, modified, without departingfrom the-spiritof the invention,- and that theinvention is capable-ofuses-and has advantages: not, herein specifically described; hence-it willbe appreciated that the-hereindisclosed embodiment is-illustrativeionly, and that my invention istnot. limited theretoi I claim:

1, .A display device, comprising a first element representing: a creature of the type having. eyes, said element having-an aperturelocated at an eye, position of 1 said representation; lens. means disposed in said aperture; a second element spaced from said first, element and having.- a representation of the iris andpupil of an eye thereon; said lens; means andsaid second element being so constructed, and arranged that the: image of 2 said repuiesentation of said iris and pupilformed-bysaid lens ,means will appear on said t-lens meansto been: part of. said, eye.

2.: A: display device,- comprising: a representation of acrea-ture; havingsocketmeansfor an eye; lens means, disposed within said socket means-tor a size-approximating the. eye of said representation; object means, representing the iris and pupil of the creatures eye, spacedirom saidnlens means; saidlens-means being ,so, constructed and arranged that light rays from said object means form an image of the iris and pupil at said lens means.:,

3'.- A,display devicecomprising: a representa, tion of a, creature, having; a pair of sockets spaced-apart a distance, approximatingzthe spacingof the eyasocketsof that creature; ausubstantiallycomplete spherical. lensv disposed in each-socket; object means; having ,the:rep resentation of -asingle-iriaandmpupil of the creature's eye,- said ,object means :beingso spaced from said pair; of lens-'means-thatrays. of lightfromsaid: object. means strike each of said lens: means, forming images-of the iris and pupil at eachoi' said lens gmeansl 4. A:display; device, comprising: a first elementrepresenting ,acreature. of the type having eyes; said'ielement having an aperture located at an eyegposition of: said representation; lens: means disposed in said aperture; a second element" spaced; from-l said; first element: and having a, representation of the iris-and pupilof: an eye. thereon; saidlensmeans and said:secondl elementibeing soqoonstructed and arranged :that the image of saicl-representation .of -said;irisand pupil formed; by; said: lens 5 means will "appear on said; lens meanstobe -aapartof said are: andmeans.

shifting said first and second elements relatively with respect to each other, causing said image to appear to move relative to said lens means.-

5. A display device, comprising; lens means, so constructed and arranged as to represent a predetermined part of a living creature; and object means, representing another part of said creature, said object means being spaced from said lens means, and so constructed and arranged that light rays from said object means enter one surface of said lens means, said rays being refracted by passage through said lens means, and form an image visible at the opposite surface of said lens means, said image and said lens means cooperating to produce a composite life-like representation of the two parts of said creature.

6. A display device, comprising: lens means, representing the eye ball of the eye of a creatur'e; and object means, spaced from said lens means, and providing a representation of the iris and pupil of the eye of the creature, said lens means and said object means being so constructed and arranged that the image of said representation formed by said lens means will appear at said lens means to be a part of the eye of the creature.

7. A display device, comprising: a single object means, providing a representation of the iris and pupil of the eye of a creature; and a pair of lens means, each simulating an eyeball of the creature, said lens means being spaced apart a distance substantially corresponding to the spacing of the eyes of a living creature; said single object means and said pair of lens means being so arranged relative to each other that light rays from said object means pass through respective lens means and form an image of said representation ateach lens means, said images cooperating with the respective lens means to provide the appearance of life-like eyes.

HERBERT G. MILLER. 

